Al-Tamimi, J., andĪcoustic cue weighting in the singleton vs geminate contrast in Lebanese Arabic: The case of fricative consonants,” J. ), Arabic ( Al-Tamimi and Khattab, 2015 1. Hirata, Y., andĮffects of speaking rate on the single/geminate stop distinction in Japanese,” J. ), Japanese ( Hirata and Whiton, 2005 18. Esposito, A., andĪcoustical and perceptual study of gemination in Italian stops,” J. Geminate consonants are present in several languages, such as Italian ( Esposito and Di Benedetto, 1999 14. This suggests that syntactic gemination occurs during a post-lexical phase of production planning, after timing has already been established.Ĭonsonant gemination is the process by which a consonant is produced, as the word “gemination” hints, as “doubled,” that is, as two consecutive occurrences of the same phoneme, or, under a different interpretation, as a stronger, longer, or more intense consonant. The second burst, when present, is accommodated within the closure interval in syntactic geminates, while lexical geminates are lengthened by the extra burst. Moreover, the timing of these bursts suggests a different planning process for lexical vs syntactic geminates. Results also revealed the presence, in about 10%–12% of instances, of a double stop-release burst, providing strong support for the biphonematic nature of Italian geminated stop consonants. Results confirmed previous studies showing that duration is a prominent gemination cue, with a lengthened consonant closure and a shortened pre-consonant vowel for both types.
This study investigates the acoustic correlates of Italian lexical and syntactic gemination, asking if the correlates for the two types are similar in the case of stop consonants. In contrast, syntactic gemination occurs across word boundaries and affects the initial consonant of a word in specific contexts, such as the presence of a monosyllabic morpheme before the word. Italian lexical gemination is contrastive, so that two words may differ by only one geminated consonant. Two types of consonant gemination characterize Italian: lexical and syntactic.
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